ABSTRACT
Objectives@#. To compare the efficacy and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy with coblation for the treatment of inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH). @*Methods@#. In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 20 patients underwent inferior turbinate surgery, which consisted of either HIFU or coblation therapy. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability were evaluated by subjective symptom scores, acoustic rhinometry, and nasal endoscopy. @*Results@#. The modified nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) score and nasal obstruction visual analog scale (NO-VAS) significantly decreased in both groups 12 weeks postoperatively. The between-group differences in the evaluation scores were not statistically significant. On nasal endoscopy, the HIFU patients showed improvements in mucosal swelling sooner than the patients undergoing coblation therapy. Nasal crusting significantly increased in the patients undergoing coblation compared to the patients undergoing HIFU therapy until postoperative week 4. Mucosal preservation was superior in the HIFU patients. Although HIFU was less painful than coblation therapy during the procedure, the difference was not significant (4.9 vs. 6.3, P=0.143). The difference in global satisfaction between the two groups was not statistically significant, although satisfaction was slightly higher among the HIFU patients than among the coblation patients (4.6 vs. 4.1, P=0.393). @*Conclusion@#. HIFU provided results similar to those of coblation therapy for patients with nasal obstruction due to ITH, but HIFU therapy caused less discomfort during the procedure. HIFU therapy appears to be a good noninvasive alternative to the current surgical modalities for ITH.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives@#This study aimed to evaluate the voice of patients with vocal cord palsy using the Praat compared to Speech tool.Materials and Method The medical record of the patients with vocal cord palsy from 2013 to 2021 was analyzed retrospectively to validate Praat as a voice evaluation modality compared to the speech tool. Total 60 patients were enrolled in this study. Thirty control and 30 vocal cord palsy patients were selected to undergo recording of voice samples. The voice samples, /a/ and “Sancheck” were evaluated both groups and cepstral peak prominence was analyzed with both modalities; Praat and speech tool. @*Results@#Statistically significant differences were observed between the control and vocal cord palsy groups in the speech tool and Praat. There was also a significant difference between pre- and post-treatment values in the vocal cord palsy group. A similar change in the voice value was observed using both methods. The Praat showed a lower value in 1st visit of patients with vocal cord palsy in the vowel test. The Praat vowel test may sensitively represent voice problems in patients with vocal cord palsy. This could contribute to decision-making regarding the treatment modality for vocal cord palsy. @*Conclusion@#Praat is open-access software that is freely available. It can be easily and sufficiently used for voice evaluation in patients with vocal cord palsy.
ABSTRACT
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is further classified as CRS with nasal polyp and CRS without nasal polyp. It is also divided into type 2 and none-type 2 by immunological endotype. Nowadays, novel biological products targeting type 2 inflammation are developed and used for the treatment of CRS with nasal polyp.Current Concepts: Dupilumab, which inhibits interleukin-4 and interleukin-13, and omalizumab, which targets immunoglobulin E, were recently approved and are currently being used as the treatment regimen for patients with recurrent CRS with nasal polyp in Korea. Many studies demonstrated enough effects of both biological products on nasal symptoms, including smell, quality of life, and polyp size. The indication of biological products is refractory CRS with nasal polyp with severe symptoms even after endoscopic sinus surgery. However, the main drawback of these biological products is a high cost since they are non-reimbursement regimens as defined by Korean national health insurance.Discussion and Conclusion: Further research on the use of dupilumab and omalizumab in Korean patients will be needed because the Korean CRS endotype, which is characterized by less-type-2 CRS, is different from Western CRS endotypes. Additionally, investigations on the comparison of efficacy among various biological products are essential to prescribe the most appropriate biological products depending on the patients’ endotypes.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives@#Interposition using acellular allograft between perforated septal flaps is a popular procedure among surgeons because of its usefulness. However, allograft dermal matrix itself tends to become infected sometimes, and can easily undergo necrosis or be displaced from the implanted site. Here, the authors would like to introduce a newly devised interposition graft made up of allograft and cartilage, which is easy to manipulate and can be fixed in the desired position.Subjects and Method We performed a retrospective chart review from January 2018 to August 2020. A total of 12 patients with septal perforation who received surgical treatment were included in this study. Acellular human dermal allograft (MegaDerm® ; L&C Bio) was used as an interposition allograft piled up by autologous cartilage, and it was positioned between the mucoperichondrial flaps via the endonasal approach. @*Results@#The most common etiology was previous septal surgery (n=8); in one case, the etiology was repeated electrocauterization due to frequent epistaxis; the etiology was not verified for three cases. All 12 cases achieved the result of complete septal perforation closure. All patients on follow-up inquiry reported marked improvements in the visual analogue scale score (mean value, 4.1 to 1) and Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale (mean value, 7.3 to 1.8). @*Conclusion@#Composite graft made up of cartilage and allograft dermal matrix achieved successful results without having to fix the graft. It can be an alternative technique to treat septal perforation for inexperienced surgeons and with a limited operation field.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives@#Measurement of sleep parameters in both supine and non-supine positions is important for the diagnosis of positional obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the influence of right and left lateral decubitus positions (RLDP and LLDP, respectively) on sleep parameters is relatively unknown and has not been well investigated. This study was performed to verify the associations between sleep parameters and lateral decubitus sleep position. @*Methods@#A retrospective study was performed on 38 patients who were diagnosed with OSA and underwent surgical interventions from January 2014 to December 2016. Preoperative sleep parameters were evaluated with WatchPAT, and patients who slept sufficiently in both RLDP and LLDP to accurately analyze sleep parameters were enrolled in the study. Basic clinical data including body mass index (BMI) and nasal endoscopic findings of patients were assessed. @*Results@#The difference in peripheral arterial tonometry apnea-hypopnea index (pAHI) and PAT respiratory disturbance index (pRDI) between RLDP and LLDP showed no association with the side of deviated nasal septum. Patients with higher BMI showed higher pRDI in LLDP than RLDP (p=0.038). The difference in sleep position percentage between RLDP and LLDP was negatively correlated with the difference in pRDI (p=0.023). @*Conclusion@#Higher BMI patients with OSA might benefit more from sleeping in RLDP than LLDP. Patients slept longer in the lateral decubitus position that produced lower pRDI. Not only supine and non-supine positions, but also RLDP and LLDP need to be evaluated in patients with OSA.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives@#Ranula is a type of pseudocyst caused by the leakage of saliva from the mouth floor, mainly the sublingual gland, and is classified into a simple ranula and a plunging ranula according to its location clinically. Currently known surgical treatment for ranula includes incision and drainage, marsupialization, ranula excision, and sublingual gland resection. The aim of this study was to help decision making for the treatment of ranula by analyzing the complications including the recurrence rate of each treatment.Subjects and Method We retrospectively reviewed 148 patients with ranula who had been treated from March 2000 to November 2019. All of the patients underwent one of the following treatments: incision and drainage, marsupialization, ranula excision, and sublingual gland resection. Complications including recurrence rate of each treatment were analyzed. @*Results@#Of 144 patients, 92 were simple ranula and 52 were plunging ranula. Four patients underwent incision and drainage, 24 patients with marsupialization, 12 patients with ranula excision, and 104 patients with sublingual gland resection. The recurrence rates according to the treatment of total ranula were 100%, 29.2%, 50.0%, and 8.7%, respectively, in the order of incision and drainage, marsupialization, ranula excision, and sublingual gland resection. There were no complications other than the recurrence of the ranula. @*Conclusion@#In the treatment of ranula, sublingual gland resection is considered to be the most appropriate method with minimal risk of complications and a low recurrence rate.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives@#Vocal process granulomas (VPGs) are benign lesions of the larynx, typically contact granulomas (CG) and intubation granulomas (IG). The two diseases are known to have different clinical manifestations despite having the same pathological features. The purpose of this study was to analyze the treatment results for CG and IG and to obtain clinical information.Materials and Method We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with VPG between January 2015 and December 2018. The patient’s age, sex, medical history, lesion size, lesion type, reflux finding score, response to treatment, duration of treatment, and follow-up period were compared. @*Results@#In total, 32 patients were included in the study, of which 18 were CG and 14 were IG. In the CG group, males were dominant (n=15, 83.3%), whereas in the IG group, females were dominant (n=11, 78.6%) (p=0.0009). The response to medical treatment using proton pump inhibitor and steroid inhaler was better in the IG group (11/14, 78.6%) than in the CG group (7/18, 38.9%) (p=0.036). Of the 14 patients who did not respond to medical treatment, 5 received botulium toxin injections, and all 5 had complete remission. The duration of medical treatment was significantly longer in the IG group (p=0.0029). @*Conclusion@#IG was more common in female, and CG was more dominant in male. IG had better response to medical treatment using proton pump inhibitor and steroid inhaler than CG.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives@#Functional aphonia refers to in which by presenting whispering voice and almost producing very high-pitched tensed voices are produced. Voice therapy is the most effective treatment, but there is a lack of consensus for application of voice therapy. The purpose of this study was to examine the vocal characteristics of functional aphonia and the effect of voice therapy applied accordingly.Materials and Method From October 2019 to December 2020, 11 patients with functional aphonia were treated using voice therapy which was processing three stages such as vocal hygiene, trial therapy, and behavioral therapy. Of these, 7 patients who completed the voice evaluation before and after voice therapy was enrolled in this study. By retrospective chart review, clinical information such as sex, age, symptoms, duration, social and medical history, process of voice therapy, subjective and objective findings were analyzed. Voice parameters before and after voice therapy were compared. @*Results@#In GRBAS study, grade, rough, and asthenic, and in Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice, overall severity, roughness, pitch, and loudness were significantly improved after voice therapy. In Voice handicap index, all of the scores of total and sub-categories were significantly decreased. In objective voice analysis, jitter, cepstral peak prominence, and maximum phonation time were significantly improved. @*Conclusion@#The voice therapy was effective for the treatment of functional aphonia by restoring patient’s vocalization and improving voice quality, pitch and loudness.
ABSTRACT
Background@#Although long-term dopamine agonist (DA) therapy is recommended as a first-line treatment for prolactinoma, some patients may prefer surgical treatment because of the potential adverse effects of long-term medication, or the desire to become pregnant. This study aimed to determine whether surgical treatment of prolactinomas could be an alternative to DA therapy. @*Methods@#In this retrospective study, 96 consecutive patients (74 female, 22 male) underwent primary pituitary surgery without long-term DA treatment for prolactinomas at a single institution from 1990 to 2010. All patients underwent primary surgical treatment in the microscopic transsphenoidal approach (TSA). @*Results@#The median age and median follow-up period were 31 (16–73) years and 139.1 (12.2–319.6) months, respectively. An initial overall remission was accomplished in 47.9% (46 of 96 patients, 33 macroadenomas, and 13 microadenomas) of patients. DA dose reduction was achieved in all patients after TSA. A better remission rate was independently predicted by lower diagnostic prolactin levels and by a greater extent of surgical resection. Overall remission at the last follow-up was 33.3%, and the overall recurrence rate was 30.4%. The permanent complication rate was 3.1%, and there was no mortality. @*Conclusion@#TSA can be considered a safe and potentially curative treatment for selective microprolactinomas as an alternative to treatment with a long-term DA.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives@#Functional aphonia refers to in which by presenting whispering voice and almost producing very high-pitched tensed voices are produced. Voice therapy is the most effective treatment, but there is a lack of consensus for application of voice therapy. The purpose of this study was to examine the vocal characteristics of functional aphonia and the effect of voice therapy applied accordingly.Materials and Method From October 2019 to December 2020, 11 patients with functional aphonia were treated using voice therapy which was processing three stages such as vocal hygiene, trial therapy, and behavioral therapy. Of these, 7 patients who completed the voice evaluation before and after voice therapy was enrolled in this study. By retrospective chart review, clinical information such as sex, age, symptoms, duration, social and medical history, process of voice therapy, subjective and objective findings were analyzed. Voice parameters before and after voice therapy were compared. @*Results@#In GRBAS study, grade, rough, and asthenic, and in Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice, overall severity, roughness, pitch, and loudness were significantly improved after voice therapy. In Voice handicap index, all of the scores of total and sub-categories were significantly decreased. In objective voice analysis, jitter, cepstral peak prominence, and maximum phonation time were significantly improved. @*Conclusion@#The voice therapy was effective for the treatment of functional aphonia by restoring patient’s vocalization and improving voice quality, pitch and loudness.
ABSTRACT
Background@#Although long-term dopamine agonist (DA) therapy is recommended as a first-line treatment for prolactinoma, some patients may prefer surgical treatment because of the potential adverse effects of long-term medication, or the desire to become pregnant. This study aimed to determine whether surgical treatment of prolactinomas could be an alternative to DA therapy. @*Methods@#In this retrospective study, 96 consecutive patients (74 female, 22 male) underwent primary pituitary surgery without long-term DA treatment for prolactinomas at a single institution from 1990 to 2010. All patients underwent primary surgical treatment in the microscopic transsphenoidal approach (TSA). @*Results@#The median age and median follow-up period were 31 (16–73) years and 139.1 (12.2–319.6) months, respectively. An initial overall remission was accomplished in 47.9% (46 of 96 patients, 33 macroadenomas, and 13 microadenomas) of patients. DA dose reduction was achieved in all patients after TSA. A better remission rate was independently predicted by lower diagnostic prolactin levels and by a greater extent of surgical resection. Overall remission at the last follow-up was 33.3%, and the overall recurrence rate was 30.4%. The permanent complication rate was 3.1%, and there was no mortality. @*Conclusion@#TSA can be considered a safe and potentially curative treatment for selective microprolactinomas as an alternative to treatment with a long-term DA.
ABSTRACT
Granular cell tumor is rare tumor origination from Schwann cell. It occurs extremely rarely in pediatric age. Treatment is complete resection, but this may not always be possible because of the risk of airway stenosis or vocal cord paralysis. Six year-old male patient visited otolaryngology clinic due to dyspnea and stridor. Posterior glottis mass was indentified and was partially resected to confirm histology and resolve airway obstruction. One year after operation, the patient was living well without re-growing of tumor. We report a case of granular cell tumor in pediatric larynx with a review of literature.
ABSTRACT
The infratemporal fossa consists of critical structures affecting patient quality of life. Though abscess formation in the infratemporal fossa is very rare, drainage is highly recommended to avoid severe complications. We recently experienced a rare case of infratemporal fossa abscess. Such an abscess is easy to misdiagnose due to its rarity. Endoscopic drainage of the infratemporal fossa was conducted in this case, and its limited invasiveness was an advantage for a conservative approach. We present this case with a brief review of the approach to abscess of the infratemporal fossa area.
ABSTRACT
Objectives@#. This study aimed to elucidate the patterns of upper airway collapse in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients with a low body mass index (BMI). @*Methods@#. We designed and conducted a retrospective cohort study. Consecutive patients diagnosed with OSA who underwent drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) were included. Patients were classified into four groups according to their BMI. Age, sex, and polysomnography data were investigated. The patterns of upper airway collapse were characterized by the structures involved (soft palate, tongue base, lateral pharyngeal wall, and epiglottis). We compared the patterns of upper airway collapse in the supine and lateral decubitus position among the four BMI groups using the chi-square test and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis. @*Results@#. A total of 627 patients (male, 517; mean age, 47.6±12.8 years) were included, consisting of 45, 79, 151, and 352 patients who were underweight or lower normal-weight (defined as the low BMI group), upper normal-weight, overweight, and obese, respectively. Severity indicators of OSA, such as the overall apnea-hypopnea index and duration of SaO2 below 90%, were significantly lower in patients with a low BMI than in obese patients, while their average oxygen saturation was significantly higher. The most common obstruction site in the supine position was the tongue base in patients with a low BMI (100%), whereas this obstruction site was significantly less common in obese patients (54.8%). Tongue base obstruction was mostly relieved in the lateral position, with no discernible obstruction in 86.7% of the low BMI patients. @*Conclusion@#. Airway obstruction in OSA patients with a low BMI is mostly due to tongue base obstruction, which improves in the lateral position. These characteristics should be kept in mind when considering treatment options for this subgroup of OSA patients.
ABSTRACT
Lipoma is the most common benign neoplasm in adults. While it is commonly found in the neck, trunk, and extremities, it is extremely rare in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, or nasal septum. To our knowledge, there have been only a few cases of septal lipomas reported in the English literature. A 32-year-old woman visited Kosin University Hospital complaining of left nasal congestion and throat discomfort. Upon nasal endoscopy examination and CT, we found a polypoid mass of 2.7×1.5 cm with an elongated neck occupying a region left of the nasopharyngeal to the oropharyngeal cavity. The mass was completely removed via endoscopic endonasal surgery under general anesthesia and was identified as a fibrolipoma in the histopathological examination. We report a case of a successfully treated fibrolipoma originating from the posterior margin of the nasal septum.
ABSTRACT
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a heterogeneous group of connective tissue diseases that is predominantly characterized by bone fragility and skeletal deformity. Two siblings with undiagnosed type I osteogenesis imperfecta underwent orthognathic surgery for the treatment of facial asymmetry and mandibular prognathism. The authors report two cases of combined orthodontics and orthognathic surgery in patients with type I osteogenesis imperfecta, mandibular prognathism, and facial asymmetry.
ABSTRACT
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a heterogeneous group of connective tissue diseases that is predominantly characterized by bone fragility and skeletal deformity. Two siblings with undiagnosed type I osteogenesis imperfecta underwent orthognathic surgery for the treatment of facial asymmetry and mandibular prognathism. The authors report two cases of combined orthodontics and orthognathic surgery in patients with type I osteogenesis imperfecta, mandibular prognathism, and facial asymmetry.
Subject(s)
Humans , Congenital Abnormalities , Connective Tissue Diseases , Facial Asymmetry , Orthodontics , Orthognathic Surgery , Osteogenesis Imperfecta , Osteogenesis , Prognathism , SiblingsABSTRACT
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a heterogeneous group of connective tissue diseases that is predominantly characterized by bone fragility and skeletal deformity. Two siblings with undiagnosed type I osteogenesis imperfecta underwent orthognathic surgery for the treatment of facial asymmetry and mandibular prognathism. The authors report two cases of combined orthodontics and orthognathic surgery in patients with type I osteogenesis imperfecta, mandibular prognathism, and facial asymmetry.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Vitamin D is a potent immunomodulator. However, its role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis is unclear. METHODS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiallergic effect of intranasally applied vitamin D in an allergic rhinitis mouse model. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and alum before they were intranasally challenged with OVA. Then, they were intranasally administered 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (0.02 μg) or solvent. Allergic symptom scores, eosinophil infiltration, cytokine mRNA levels (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 and interferon-γ) in the nasal tissue, and serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and OVA-specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a were analyzed and compared with negative and positive control groups. Cervical lymph nodes (LNs) were harvested for flow cytometry analysis and cell proliferation assay. RESULTS: In the treatment group, allergic symptom scores, eosinophil infiltration, and mRNA levels of IL-4 and IL-13 were significantly lower in the nasal tissue than in the positive control group. The IL-5 mRNA level, serum total IgE, and OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 levels decreased in the treatment group; however, the difference was not significant. In the cervical LNs, CD86 expression had been down-regulated in CD11c+major histocompatibility complex II-high (MHCIIhigh) in the treatment group. Additionally, IL-4 secretion in the lymphocyte culture from cervical LNs significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm the antiallergic effect of intranasal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. It decreases CD 86 expression among CD11c+MHCIIhigh cells and T-helper type 2-mediated inflammation in the cervical LNs. Therefore, topically applied 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 can be a future therapeutic agent for allergic rhinitis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Administration, Intranasal , Anti-Allergic Agents , Calcitriol , Cell Proliferation , Dendritic Cells , Eosinophils , Flow Cytometry , Immunoglobulin E , Immunoglobulin G , Immunoglobulins , Inflammation , Interleukin-10 , Interleukin-13 , Interleukin-4 , Interleukin-5 , Lymph Nodes , Lymphocytes , Major Histocompatibility Complex , Models, Animal , Ovalbumin , Ovum , Rhinitis, Allergic , RNA, Messenger , Vitamin DABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Postoperative cheek cyst (POCC) is a late postoperative complication of radical maxillary sinus surgery including the Caldwell-Luc (C-L) operation. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic outcomes of surgical treatment for POCC and to assess the clinical factors correlated to these outcomes. METHODS: This study included 57 patients (67 nostrils) diagnosed with POCC who underwent surgical drainage. The medical records of the patients were retrospectively reviewed for radiological findings, treatment modalities, residual symptoms, and recurrences. RESULTS: In total, 30 patients were male and 27 patients were female with a mean age of 55 years, and the patients were usually diagnosed with POCC 28.2 years after radical surgery. Endonasal endoscopic marsupialization was performed via inferior meatal antrostomy, and if possible, middle meatal antrostomy was performed at the same time. In patients with cysts that were difficult to reach using an endonasal endoscopic approach, additional open C-L approaches were performed. The median follow-up period was 19.4 months. Overall, adequate drainage and symptomatic relief were achieved in 91% (61/67) of the patients. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in patients who had anterolateral POCC. Failure to achieve symptomatic relief was correlated to a smaller cyst and the use of the open C-L approach for drainage. CONCLUSION: The location and size of the cyst as well as the use of the open surgical approach were important factors in predicting the therapeutic outcome of POCC. The time point of treatment and surgical approaches should be based on the above-mentioned findings.